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<>Sodium chlorate
Other names
Sodium chlorate(V)
Identifiers
CAS number
7775-09-9
EC number
231-887-4
UN number
1495
RTECS number
FO0525000
Properties
Molecular formula
NaClO3
Molar mass
106.44 g/mol
Appearance
white solid
Density
2.5 g/cm3
Melting point
248
Boiling point
~300 decomp.
Solubility in water
101.0 g/100 ml (20 )
Hazards
MSDS
ICSC 1117
EU classification
Oxidant (O)Harmful (Xn)Dangerous for the environment (N)
EU Index
017-005-00-9
NFPA 704
2
1
2
OX
R-phrases
R9, R22, R51/53
S-phrases
(S2), S13, S17, S46, S61
Flash point
none
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium bromateSodium iodate
Other cations
Ammonium chloratePotassium chlorateBarium chlorate
Related compounds
Sodium chlorideSodium hypochloriteSodium chloriteSodium perchlorate
Except where noted otherwise, data are given formaterials in their standard state(at 25, 100kPa)Infobox references
Sodium chlorate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (NaClO3). When pure, it is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is hygroscopic. It decomposes above 250 to release oxygen and leave sodium chloride.
Contents
1 Synthesis
2 Uses
2.1 Herbicides
2.2 Chemical oxygen generation
3 Toxicity in humans
4 Formulations
5 Trade Names
6 Cultural References
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
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Synthesis
Industrially, sodium chlorate is synthesised from the electrolysis of hot sodium chloride solution in a mixed electrode tank:
NaCl + 3H2O ? NaClO3 + 3H2
It can also be synthesised by passing chlorine gas to a hot sodium hydroxide solution. It is then purified by crystallization.
Uses
Herbicides
Sodium chlorate is used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption.
Sodium chlorate may be used to control:
morning glory,
Canada thistle,
johnson grass,
bamboo,
ragwort and
St John's wort.
The herbicide is mainly used on non-crop land for spot treatment and for total vegetation control on roadsides, fenceways, ditches and suchlike.
Sodium chlorate is also used as a defoliant and desiccant for:
cotton,
safflower,
corn,
flax,
peppers,
soybeans,
grain sorghum,
southern peas,
dry beans,
rice and
sunflowers.
If used in combination with atrazine, it increases the persistence of the effect. If used in combination with 2,4-D, it improves performance of the material. Sodium chlorate has a soil-sterilant effect. Mixing with other herbicides in aqueous solution is possible to some extent, so long as they are not susceptible to oxidation.
Chemical oxygen generation
Chemical oxygen generator for example in commercial aircraft provide emergency oxygen to passengers to protect them from drops in cabin pressure by catalytic decomposition of sodium chlorate. The catalyst is normally some iron powder and barium peroxide (BaO2) is used to absorb the chlorine which is a minor product in the decomposition.
Sodium chlorate is used in some aircraft as a source of supplemental oxygen. Iron powder is mixed with sodium chlorate and ignited by a charge activated by pulling on the emergency mask. The reaction produces more oxygen than is required for combustion.
Toxicity in humans
Due to its oxidative nature, sodium chlorate can be very toxic if ingested. The oxidative effect on hemoglobin leads to methaemoglobin formation, which is followed by denaturation of the globin protein and a cross-linking of erythrocyte membrane proteins with resultant damage to the membrane enzymes. This leads to increased permeability of the membrane, and severe hemolysis. The denaturation of hemoglobin overwhelms the capacity of the G6PD enzymatic pathway - in addition, this enzyme is directly denatured by chlorate reducing its activity. Therapy with ascorbic acid and methylene blue may be effective, however, since methylene blue requires the presence of NADPH that requires normal functioning of G6PD system, it is less effective than in other conditions characterized by hemoglobin oxidation. Acute severe hemolysis results, with multi-organ failure, including DIC and renal failure.
Formulations
Sodium chlorate comes in dust, spray and granule formulations. There is a risk of fire and explosion in dry mixtures with other substances, especially organic materials, that is other herbicides, sulfur, phosphorus, powdered metals, strong acids. Particularly when mixed...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about long pillow, soft blanket, surf board bedding, quilt bedding set, king bed sheet, . The Cordless Phone Motorola SD4581 products should be show more here!